Mexican Independence
Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla
Jose Morelos
Agustin Iturbide
CITATIONS:
About Miguel Hidalgo: Lea, Henry Charles. Hidalgo and Morelos. 4th ed. Vol. 4. N.p.: American Historical Review, n.d. 636-51. Print.
About Jose Morelos: "Jose Maria Morelos - Latin American History - About.com." 2012. 14 Nov. 2014 <http://latinamericanhistory.about.com/od/mexicoindependence/p/Jose-Maria-Morelos.htm>
About Agustin Iturbide: "Agustin de Iturbide - Totally History." 2013. 14 Nov. 2014 <http://totallyhistory.com/agustin-de-iturbide/>
"Biographies." PBS. PBS, n.d. Web. 18 Nov. 2014. <http://www.pbs.org/…/usme…/biographies/hidalgo_costilla.html>.
-this is for miguel hidalgo
Morelos came from a poor family, he was born as a criollo in Valladolid. When he went to school his director was Miguel Hidalgo, who inspired him to become a priest when he became an adult. Later Morelos formed a small army with efficiently trained soldiers. A couple of months later in November Morelos ended up with about 2,000 soldiers in Aguacatillo. By 1811 he lead a siege in Acapulco, at the same time Morelos had participated in the government’s circle for the struggle of Mexican independence but was soon eliminated by the indepencdence. In 1815 the Spanish caught him in Tezmalaca during the battle, during the battle he was sent to Mexico City and was excommunicated from the church by the Spanish and was ultimately executed.
Agustin de Iturbide born in 1783 as a criollo coming from a rich background in Valladolid. When he became an adult he got placed into a position in the military to grant a revolution. He provided the idea that religion should not influence the state. In 1813 he was also a military commandant of the governor of Guanajuanto. In 1815 he was given the opportunity to take control of the Army of the North in Guanajuanto and Valladolid. In 1820, Iturbide had the idea of independence from Spanish rule as his plan came to publishing the Triguarantine Plan or also known as the Plan of Iguala which had consisted of independence, religion and union. The idea of this plan was to give employment to the criollos in politics and give them poitcal power. However, he also maintained that Mexico could be a Bourbon monarchy independent from Spain but also with the same authority of the Church and caste system. As Iturbide and the Captain General Juan O’Donju in 1821 came to take his power he discovered that Iturbide was already taken control by Iturbide O’Donju negotiated which resulted into the Treaty of Cordova. The agreement lead to Mexico officialy becoming its own independence. Later Iturbide became known as Emperor Agustin I. His monarch power brought him to trying to expand Mexico throughout Central America and keeping the rights of Spain and the authorities of the church.
Miguel Hidalgo as an adult lived in Los Dolores as a priest. He often did question and develop ideologies eliminating the involvement of religion and became known as an authority. His philosophy teacher Fray Joaquin Huesca denounced him to commissioner of Valladolid in 1800. He has claimed that Hidalgo was ruined by gambling and women, and reading prohibited books. Inquisition has proven that Hidalgo had spoken negatively about the popes, and monarchs. He has said that the church was controlled by “idiots” and wanted to focus more on liberty of the people. In 1808 he became the leader of the independence movement and has brought more ideals to defend the people of the lower class. Finally in 1810 he provided the motivation to inspire people to rise and a movement took place. Hidalgo gave the speech “Grito de Dolores” to the people of Mexico and the Spanish arrested and executed him.
Leaders in Mexico led to more tensions with the New Spain versus Spain, and the influence of the Enlightment brought ideas for the common people from the United States. The ideas of all men are equal flourished throughout Mexico and the Mexican people were trying to achieve equality and rights by having leaders who would represent the people: Miguel Hidalgo, Jose Morelos, and Agustin de Iturbide.
Overall, leaders that represented Mexico had the same intentions and ideas inspired from the United States. Since all of these leaders had a reason to represent the people of Mexico to fulfill their rights and equality, although the courage of Hidalgo and Morelos caused them to lead to execution by the Spanish, Mexico kept on fighting until they ended up to becoming independent.